- inflame hostile imagination to perpetrate evil
- inspire heroic action
- render most people ‘passive bystanders’ and guilty of ‘the Evil of Inaction’
- Mindless taking of the first step (carelessness)
- Dehumanisation of others ("them")
- De-individuation of self (anonymity)
- Diffusion of personal responsibility (someone else's problem)
- Blind obedience to authority (true believer)
- Uncritical conformity to group norms (groupthink)
- Passive tolerance of evil through inaction or indifference (apathy)
Philip Zimbardo
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